The study of the problems of ensuring economic security in modern conditions is characterized to a large extent by the vagueness of the theoretical and methodological positions of analysts. However, in our opinion, the same situation is typical for studying all other relevant socio-economic problems. It is caused by a number of reasons, the most common of which is the promotion and clash of various theoretical hypotheses and ideas, the struggle of various (often opposing) economic theories, schools and trends. Another common reason is the change in the object of research - economics at various levels and stages of its development, which forms the material basis of any society and is characterized by a high degree of variability and uncertainty compared to the objects of research in other sciences.
A vivid example is the modern transitive economy, especially the economies of post-Soviet countries, which are developing in one form or another of a market economy. The complexity of studying the problem of economic security and its provision lies in its direct and indefinite, indirect interdependencies with a large number of key categories of economic theory and practice, economic and non-economic factors of development, material and spiritual production.
Therefore, it is necessary to take clear theoretical and methodological positions, starting with a general worldview approach (formational, civilizational, historical-chronological, etc.), general scientific methods of analysis, and ending with specific specific approaches and research methods. It is clear that they are implemented within the framework of specific versions of economic theory.
First of all, it is necessary to take into account the following provisions: the absence of generally established concepts of "economic security", its essence, functions and roles; the existence of different types of security (economic, political, legal, food, environmental, demographic, energy, etc.) Consideration of security at different levels of the economy - micro, meso, macro and global; the lack of development of integral indicators of the level of economic security; the existence of contradictions between the openness of the economy and the protection of national interests, the interests of business entities and citizens; the growth of internal and external threats to Russia's economic security, given the loss of a number of traditional markets, technologically and economically unjustified economic infrastructure, the destruction of scientific and technological potential, the development of the shadow economy and its criminalization. This leads to the primary tasks of economic theory and practice in the field of ensuring economic security. In its most general form, we are talking about a strategy for ensuring and strengthening economic security, and ways to implement it in the context of globalization processes.
The correct definition of the ratio of different types of security is possible only taking into account the fact that they do not exist in isolation from each other, but interact, overlap, and produce a synergistic effect.
It is also crucial to take into account that the processes of globalization in its broadest sense are characterized by a sharp increase and complication of interconnections and interdependencies in all areas of socio-economic life, which have acquired global proportions.
Globalization has numerous, but far from unambiguous, socio-economic impacts on the economic security of countries and regions. The main channels of such influence are: world economic interaction (under the influence of not only global, but also local forces); threats to national state sovereignty; voluntary limitation of sovereignty; other transformations of national sovereignty; unequal rates of technological development of different countries and civilizations; changes in the ratio between the incomes of different segments of the population within individual countries and between different countries Understanding the purpose of a
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